Archive for the 'Glossary Definitions' Category

The Truth Behind “Pregorexia”


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 photo courtesy of http://www.maternalwisdom.org/

In recent years a handful of unofficial terms have seeped into the existing eating disorder vocabulary.  From “wannarexia” to “manorexia”, these trendy expressions have been popping up in articles and blogs across the internet.  More recently, “pregorexia” has made appearances.  This word attempts to diagnose the intersection of pregnancy and eating disorders.  The term has been unofficially coined in response to the growing awareness of pregnant women acting on ED (eating disorder) symptoms in an attempt to avoid the weight gain and body changes that take place in normal, healthy pregnancies.  Some propose that the trend is a result of the media’s increasing coverage of celebrities’ unrealistic pregnant and post-baby bodies.

The Center for Eating Disorders agrees that the media can play a role in the development and maintenance of people’s eating disorders but it does not cause eating disorders in and of itself.  It is also important to point out that most women who would be described as having “pregorexia” have had body image problems and disordered eating (if not full-fledged eating disorders) long before they were pregnant.

Eating disorders are exacerbated by stress, and pregnancy is an intense physical and emotional stressor. It is no surprise that some women experience an intensification or return of ED symptoms during pregnancy. The “pregorexia” label is concerning because it distracts from the real and very serious eating disorder and implies that the problem will go away after nine months when the label no longer applies. It can also stigmatize a population of woman who already notoriously underreport their ED symptoms to doctors due to the guilt associated with having an ED during pregnancy.

Very simply put, a pregnant woman who is simultaneously suffering from anorexia, bulimia or any other eating disorder, needs support and professional treatment to ensure her health and the health of her unborn baby.  What she doesn’t need is a fictitious label to disguise, excuse or further stigmatize the real problem.

The Center for Eating Disorders does not encourage the use of “pregorexia” or any other terms that make light of eating disorders.  It can be very dangerous to replace official diagnoses with unofficial labels that could minimize, mask or distract from the underlying illness and might reduce one’s motivation to seek treatment.  These invented terms do not exist as independent diagnoses for a reason and cannot, and should not, take the place of professional assessments and official diagnoses.


*****Eating Disorders during pregnancy can be particularly dangerous for both mother and child.  Some of the risks include miscarriage, birth defects or abnormalities, premature or low birth weight babies, and an increased risk of post-partum depression.  If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder and need treatment, please contact the Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt at (410) 938-5252 or email us at EatingDisorderInfo@sheppardpratt.org .*****

Night Eating Syndrome – Q&A with James Mitchell

 Dr. James Mitchell, an internationally renowned expert in eating disorders, discusses the two most common types of night eating syndrome.  He will be presenting this topic at the upcoming symposium on April 12, 2008, hosted by The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt.

What is night eating syndrome? 

There exist at least two forms of night eating syndrome, or NES. The first, most commonly referred to as NES, involves people who overeat late in the day and/or get up during the night to eat. These people also have marked problems with insomnia and are fully aware of what they are doing when they wake up to eat. The other form of night eating is usually related to a sleep-related eating disorder. Those individuals wake up and eat during the night, but many times are amnestic for it and are only partially aware of what they are doing. This type of night eating is a parasomnia, much like sleepwalking. 

How does an individual identify that they are struggling with this issue?

People with NES are usually fully aware of their problem. Those with a sleep-related eating disorder may be amnestic for the eating episodes, but may discover evidence the following day that they have been eating during the night; such as food that has been left out, or that the oven has been left on.

Is there effective treatment available for NES? 

There is a structured form of counseling which has been manualized and is available as a self-help manual by Allison & Stunkard for NES.  For sleep related eating disorder, medications are usually indicated and can be quite effective.

Read more about Dr. James Mitchell.

If you are a mental health professional and are interested in hearing Dr. Mitchell speak on this subject, you can register for the April 12th symposium online at www.eventville.com/sheppardpratt

Borderline Personality Disorder – Q&A with Randy A. Sansone

Dr. Randy A. Sansone, an internationally renowned expert in eating disorders, talks about borderline personality disorder and the unique challenges those who suffer from it may face.  He will discuss this topic at the upcoming symposium on April 12, 2008, hosted by The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt.

What is borderline personality disorder? 

Borderline personality is a longstanding dysfunction in personality that is characterized by three fundamental features: (1) a superficially intact social facade or veneer; (2) longstanding difficulties in self-regulation (i.e., an inability to effectively regulate oneself, which might emerge as eating disorders, alcohol/drug problems, promiscuity, difficulty regulating money, chronic pain syndromes); and (3) chronic self-harm behavior (e.g., self-mutilation such as cutting, hitting, burning, or scratching oneself; suicide attempts; engagement in abusive relationships; high-risk hobbies/behaviors with the intent of gambling with death).

How frequent does this co-occur in individuals with eating disorders? 

The data indicate that about one-quarter to about one-third of individuals with eating disorders have co-morbid borderline personality disorder. The disorder is less common among those with restricting anorexia nervosa and more common among eating disorder syndromes characterized by impulsivity (such as anorexia nervosa, binge-purge type; bulimia nervosa, purging type).

What unique challenges face this population in learning to manage their eating disorder? 

While standard eating disorder treatment is helpful, it must be augmented with psychotherapy intervention for the personality disorder. In many cases, the function of the eating disorder symptoms extends beyond food/body/weight issues and may relate, in addition, to self-harm behavior. In addition, there are oftentimes adjunctive self-regulatory and self-harm issues that must be addressed in treatment (e.g., substance abuse, suicide attempts). Because borderline personality is oftentimes associated with early developmental trauma, these issues must be taken into account, as well. 

**Some data suggests that individuals with eating disorders and borderline personality may have more severe symptoms as well as less robust treatment outcomes, compared to individuals with eating disorders, alone. Other data suggests that the treatment response to the eating disorder symptoms may improve equally well, but the individual’s overall functionality is less.

Read more about Dr. Randy A. Sansone, M.D.

If you are a mental health professional and are interested in hearing Dr. Sansone speak on this subject, you can register for the April 12th symposium online at www.eventville.com/sheppardpratt.

Orthorexia - Glossary Definition

ORTHOREXIA - GLOSSARY DEFINITION

Newly described eating disordered behavior characterized by an obsession with eating only “healthy” foods. Individuals with orthorexia tend to avoid certain foods, such as fats, meat products, and preservatives. Subsequently, they often suffer from malnutrition. This disorder could be associated with obsessive-compulsive behavior.

Put down that cookie - Pick up an eating disorder?

Topic Overview: Dieting is one of the leading risk factors in the development of an eating disorder. “Diet” means different things to different people. Typically, when we “go on a diet,” we lower our caloric intake by limiting what we eat. Sometimes we end up limiting it TOO much.

CED Docs’ Philosophy: The problem with dieting is that without guidelines or a support system in place, we can set unrealistic weight-loss goals for ourselves and lose control trying to attain them. That’s when eating disorders begin to unfold.

Two examples of eating disorders that can potentially develop as a result of dieting spinning out of control: Anorexia Nervosa, a disorder that is caused by an intense fear of gaining weight, and Orthorexia - an extreme take on healthy eating where the individual will not allow him or herself to eat anything that is not deemed “healthy”.

Tips/solutions: Healthy ways to keep your weight and health in check:

  • Stop dieting
  • Make healthy lifestyle changes for long-term health and weight maintenance
  • Meet with a nutritionist to set realistic goals and specific challenges
  • As opposed to eating multiple small meals throughout the day where you never allow yourself to be really hungry or really full and therefore never really satisfied, we at CED recommend eating three square meals and one snack a day.

Relevant articles:

BMI Glossary Definition

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) - GLOSSARY DEFINITION

BMI measures weight vs. height to determine an individual’s health; body weight divided by the square height. BMI was designed as a tool to determine latent vs. active patients, and is not meant to assess overall health. BMI does not take into account gender, muscle mass or family history.